feat(absences) : fondation backend du module de gestion des absences

Module type Payfit (étapes 1+2 de la spec V1) : demande d'absence, validation
admin, soldes à jour.

- Enums : AbsenceType, AbsenceStatus, HalfDay, ContractType, FamilySituation
- Entités : AbsencePolicy, AbsenceBalance, AbsenceRequest + champs RH sur User
- Services : PublicHolidayProvider (fériés FR métropole en PHP pur, Computus),
  AbsenceDayCalculator (décompte jours ouvrés/ouvrables + demi-journées, TDD),
  AbsenceBalanceService (périodes + pending/taken/recrédit)
- API Platform : providers/processors (création, approve/reject/cancel) + RBAC
  me/admin, contrôleurs preview (dry-run), upload/download justificatif, calendrier
- Migrations : une par table + colonnes RH user (DEFAULT puis DROP DEFAULT)
- Fixtures : 5 policies par défaut, salariés démo, soldes et demandes
- Tests unitaires : PublicHolidayProvider, AbsenceDayCalculator (12 tests)

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

src/Enum/AbsenceStatus.php

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Enum;
+
+enum AbsenceStatus: string
+{
+    case Pending   = 'pending';
+    case Approved  = 'approved';
+    case Rejected  = 'rejected';
+    case Cancelled = 'cancelled';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Pending   => 'En attente',
+            self::Approved  => 'Approuvée',
+            self::Rejected  => 'Refusée',
+            self::Cancelled => 'Annulée',
+        };
+    }
+}

src/Enum/AbsenceType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Enum;
+
+enum AbsenceType: string
+{
+    case PaidLeave     = 'cp';
+    case MarriagePacs  = 'mariage_pacs';
+    case ParentalLeave = 'conge_parental';
+    case Bereavement   = 'deces';
+    case SickLeave     = 'maladie';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::PaidLeave     => 'Congés payés',
+            self::MarriagePacs  => 'Mariage / PACS',
+            self::ParentalLeave => 'Congé parental',
+            self::Bereavement   => 'Décès proche',
+            self::SickLeave     => 'Arrêt maladie',
+        };
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Whether taking this absence decrements a balance.
+     * Sick leave is managed by social security and has no balance.
+     */
+    public function decrementsBalance(): bool
+    {
+        return self::SickLeave !== $this;
+    }
+}

src/Enum/ContractType.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Enum;
+
+enum ContractType: string
+{
+    case Cdi        = 'CDI';
+    case Cdd        = 'CDD';
+    case Internship = 'STAGE';
+    case Apprentice = 'ALTERNANCE';
+    case Other      = 'AUTRE';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Cdi        => 'CDI',
+            self::Cdd        => 'CDD',
+            self::Internship => 'Stage',
+            self::Apprentice => 'Alternance',
+            self::Other      => 'Autre',
+        };
+    }
+}

src/Enum/FamilySituation.php

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Enum;
+
+enum FamilySituation: string
+{
+    case Single   = 'CELIBATAIRE';
+    case Married  = 'MARIE';
+    case Pacsed   = 'PACSE';
+    case Divorced = 'DIVORCE';
+    case Widowed  = 'VEUF';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Single   => 'Célibataire',
+            self::Married  => 'Marié(e)',
+            self::Pacsed   => 'Pacsé(e)',
+            self::Divorced => 'Divorcé(e)',
+            self::Widowed  => 'Veuf(ve)',
+        };
+    }
+}

src/Enum/HalfDay.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Enum;
+
+enum HalfDay: string
+{
+    case Morning   = 'matin';
+    case Afternoon = 'apres_midi';
+
+    public function label(): string
+    {
+        return match ($this) {
+            self::Morning   => 'Matin',
+            self::Afternoon => 'Après-midi',
+        };
+    }
+}