diff --git a/src/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerController.php b/src/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerController.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..165293b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerController.php
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Controller\Mail;
+
+use App\Message\MailSyncRequested;
+use App\Security\MailAccessChecker;
+use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Controller\AbstractController;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\JsonResponse;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Request;
+use Symfony\Component\HttpFoundation\Response;
+use Symfony\Component\Messenger\MessageBusInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Routing\Attribute\Route;
+use Symfony\Component\Security\Http\Attribute\IsGranted;
+
+#[Route('/api/mail/sync', name: 'mail_sync_trigger', methods: ['POST'], priority: 1)]
+#[IsGranted('IS_AUTHENTICATED_FULLY')]
+class MailSyncTriggerController extends AbstractController
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly MessageBusInterface $bus,
+        private readonly MailAccessChecker $accessChecker,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function __invoke(Request $request): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $this->accessChecker->ensureCanAccessMail($this->getUser());
+
+        $body       = json_decode($request->getContent(), true) ?? [];
+        $folderPath = $body['folderPath'] ?? null;
+
+        $this->bus->dispatch(new MailSyncRequested($folderPath));
+
+        return $this->json(
+            ['message' => 'Synchronisation démarrée en arrière-plan'],
+            Response::HTTP_ACCEPTED
+        );
+    }
+}
diff --git a/tests/Functional/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerControllerTest.php b/tests/Functional/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerControllerTest.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..54dbbc1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/Functional/Controller/Mail/MailSyncTriggerControllerTest.php
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Tests\Functional\Controller\Mail;
+
+use App\Entity\User;
+use Symfony\Bundle\FrameworkBundle\Test\WebTestCase;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+class MailSyncTriggerControllerTest extends WebTestCase
+{
+    public function testSyncTriggerReturns401WhenNotAuthenticated(): void
+    {
+        $client = static::createClient();
+        $client->request('POST', '/api/mail/sync');
+
+        self::assertResponseStatusCodeSame(401);
+    }
+
+    public function testSyncTriggerReturns403ForRoleClient(): void
+    {
+        $client    = static::createClient();
+        $container = static::getContainer();
+        $em        = $container->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
+
+        $clientUser = $em->getRepository(User::class)->findOneBy(['username' => 'client-liot']);
+        $client->loginUser($clientUser);
+        $client->request('POST', '/api/mail/sync');
+
+        self::assertResponseStatusCodeSame(403);
+    }
+
+    public function testSyncTriggerReturns202ForRoleUser(): void
+    {
+        $client    = static::createClient();
+        $container = static::getContainer();
+        $em        = $container->get('doctrine.orm.entity_manager');
+
+        $user = $em->getRepository(User::class)->findOneBy(['username' => 'alice']);
+        $client->loginUser($user);
+        $client->request('POST', '/api/mail/sync');
+
+        self::assertResponseStatusCodeSame(202);
+        $data = json_decode($client->getResponse()->getContent(), true);
+        self::assertArrayHasKey('message', $data);
+    }
+}